The Maastricht Treaty, which involved further European integration, was rejected by the Danish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a second referendum in 1993, which provided for four opt-outs from policies. The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones, which are runestones believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old (c.955) and Harald Bluetooth (c.965). [76][77], In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the Battle of Tunmen in Tamo or Tuen Mun. ", "Murderer of Gordon". Stone was previously commissioned to paint portraits of the Queen and Queen Mother. [123] Campbell (2011a, p.464) states: One question that continued to fascinate the public about the phenomenon of a woman Prime Minister was how she got on with the Queen. Michael Taylor, "The British West India interest and its allies, 18231833. The World Happiness Report frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world. This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth (15001800) when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal's per-capita income. ", "How 1bn was lost when Thatcher propped up Saddam", "Butcher of Cambodia set to expose Thatcher's role", "Gorbachev Policy Has Ended The Cold War, Thatcher Says", "Vanguard Class Ballistic Missile Submarine", "Reagan Acted Upon 'Irrefutable' Evidence", "Abroad at Home; Will Bush Take Real Action? Gladstone also (on 29 November) condemned what he saw as the Conservative government's profligate spending: the Chancellor of the Exchequer shall boldly uphold economy in detail; and it is the mark of a chicken-hearted Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he shrinks from upholding economy in detail, when, because it is a question of only 2,000 or 3,000, he says that is no matter. In 2015, Denmark contributed 0.85% of its gross national income (GNI) to foreign aid and was one of only six countries meeting the longstanding UN target of 0.7% of GNI. During occupation, a resistance movement emerged in 1943 while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was liberated in May 1945. Despite a low birth rate, the population is growing at an average annual rate of 0.59%[138] because of net immigration and increasing longevity. Danish engineers are world-leading in providing diabetes care equipment and medication products from Novo Nordisk and, since 2000, the Danish biotech company Novozymes, the world market leader in enzymes for first generation starch-based bioethanol, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to cellulosic ethanol. During wartime, he insisted on raising taxes and not borrowing funds to pay for the war. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" is an Inuit language, and is entirely unrelated to Danish. One issue was what to do with Rhodesia, where the white-minority had determined to rule the prosperous, black-majority breakaway colony in the face of overwhelming international criticism. Stay on top of the news all day with the Tribunes web notifications. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as Brge Mogensen, Finn Juhl, Hans Wegner, Arne Jacobsen, Poul Henningsen and Verner Panton. With the Portuguese already established in nearby Ternate, conflict was inevitable, leading to nearly a decade of skirmishes. From these bases, they engaged profitably in the slave and gold trades. Another renowned Danish actor Nikolaj Coster-Waldau is internationally known for playing the role of Jaime Lannister in the HBO series Game of Thrones. Yosabur Takekoshi, "The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan", harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPickettPickett2011 (, Francis A. Dutra. In 1895, at the age of 85, Gladstone bequeathed 40,000 (equivalent to approximately 4.92million today)[167] and much of his 32,000 volume library to found St Deiniol's Library in Hawarden, Wales. The holiday is celebrated throughout December, starting either at the beginning of Advent or on 1 December with a variety of traditions, culminating with the Christmas Eve meal. [88], Denmark is a representative democracy with universal suffrage. It is the legislature of the Kingdom of Denmark, passing acts that apply in Denmark and, variably, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Gladstone believed that the right to combination used by British workers was in jeopardy when it could be denied to Irish workers. [162] Gladstone also opposed Chancellor Sir William Harcourt's proposal to implement a graduated death duty. "[20] In 1831, when the Oxford Union considered a motion in favour of the immediate emancipation of the slaves in the West Indies, Gladstone moved an amendment in favour of gradual manumission along with better protection for the personal and civil rights of the slaves and better provision for their Christian education. Having failed to conquer Ormuz, they instead followed a strategy intended to close off commerce to and from the Indian Ocean. The proportion deriving from payroll taxes, VAT, and other taxes on goods and services correspond to the OECD average[148], As of 2014[update], 6% of the population was reported to live below the poverty line, when adjusted for taxes and transfers. Join the discussion about your favorite team! [26] Gomes, who had to explore 100 miles (160km) of the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including So Tom and Prncipe and found a thriving alluvial gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named Mina (the mine), where he established a trading post. [69], Jorge Alvares was the first European to reach China by sea, while the Romans were the first overland via Asia Minor. At the Versailles Conference, Portugal regained control of all its lost territory, but did not retain possession (by the principle of uti possidetis) of territories gained during the war, except for Kionga, a port city in modern-day Tanzania. [30], As the Portuguese explored the coastlines of Africa, they left behind a series of padres, stone crosses engraved with the Portuguese coat of arms marking their claims,[31] and built forts and trading posts. WNBA star Brittney Griner was released from Russian detention in a prisoner swap for convicted Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout. [6] After establishing itself as a separate kingdom in 1139, Portugal completed its reconquest of Moorish territory by reaching Algarve in 1249, but its independence continued to be threatened by neighbouring Castile until the signing of the Treaty of Aylln in 1411. At the beginning of each session, Gladstone would passionately urge the Cabinet to adopt new policies, while Palmerston would fixedly stare at a paper before him. Agnes Gladstone (18421931); she married Very Rev. [187] Faroese and Greenlandic are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively. The larger of the two stones is popularly cited as the "baptismal certificate" (dbsattest) of Denmark,[26] though both use the word "Denmark", in the accusative .mw-parser-output .script-runic{font-family:"BabelStone Runic Beagnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtric","BabelStone Runic Beowulf","BabelStone Runic Berhtwald","BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth",Junicode,Kelvinch,"Free Monospaced",Code2000,Hnias,"Noto Sans Runic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","San Francisco","New York"} tanmaurk ([danmrk]) on the large stone, and the genitive "tanmarkar" (pronounced [danmarka]) on the small stone, while the dative form tnmarku (pronounced [danmark]) is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone. In 1542, Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier arrived in Goa at the service of King John III of Portugal, in charge of an Apostolic Nunciature. Google LLC (/ u l / ()) is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and consumer electronics.It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world" and one of the world's most valuable brands due to 1990 Conservative Party leadership election, 1989 Conservative Party leadership election, 1975 Conservative Party leadership election, Chancellors of the College of William & Mary, Secretary of State forEducationandScience, Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act, Oxford University Conservative Association, Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960, Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Pensions, Hadley Centre for Climate Research and Prediction, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "non-lethal" military equipment since 1981, Reagan administration's Cold War policies, Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World, official Washington, D.C. memorial service, that of her political hero, Winston Churchill, Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, Reactions to the news of Thatcher's death, 100 most important people of the 20th century, ranked highly in retrospective opinion polling, List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government, Political history of the United Kingdom (1979present), Social history of the United Kingdom (1979present), Reagan would later call 'the evil empire', "1979 Conservative Party General Election Manifesto", "The rats and cowards who brought down a Titan", "Details from listed building database (1062417)", "Margaret Thatcher's Irish roots lie in Co Kerry", "God and Mrs. Thatcher: The Battle for Britain's Soul", "A side of Margaret Thatcher we've never seen", "Thatcher: college will honour its former student", "How Thatcher The Chemist Helped Make Thatcher The Politician", "Thatcher fought to preserve women-only Oxford college", "Golly: now we know what's truly offensive", "Margaret Thatcher: her unswerving faith shaped by her father", "HC S 2R [Public Bodies (Admission of the Press to Meetings) Bill] (Maiden Speech)", "Viewpoint: What if Margaret Thatcher had never been? Consequently, Thatcher decided that as "her voice was carrying little weight at home", she would "be heard in the wider world". Beyond this I look to the forethought not yet so widely diffused in this country as in Scotland, & in some foreign lands; & I need not remind you that in order to facilitate its exercise the Government have been empowered by Legislation to become through the Dept. [217][223] While some proposals like restricting 'ghetto children' to their homes after 8 p.m. have been rejected for being too radical, most of the 22 proposals have been agreed upon by a parliamentary majority. [50], The initial capture of Goa from the Bijapur sultanate in 1510 was soon countered by the Bijapuris, but with the help of Hindu privateer Timoji, on November 25 of the same year it was recaptured. In 1581, the Seven Provinces gained independence from the Habsburg rule, leading Philip II to prohibit commerce with Dutch ships, including in Brazil where Dutch had invested large sums in financing sugar production. He collaborated with Richard Ingrams on the spoof "Dear Bill" letters, which ran as a column in Private Eye magazine; they were also published in book form and became a West End stage revue titled Anyone for Denis?, with Wells in the role of Thatcher's husband. [32] A new runic alphabet was first used around the same time and Ribe, the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700. In spite of free blacks and mulattoes playing a large role in Minas Gerais, the number of them that received marginalization was greater there than in any other region in Brazil. [234] It was disclosed in 2017 that Thatcher had suggested threatening Saddam with chemical weapons after the invasion of Kuwait. [13] In preparation for the election Roberts moved to Dartford, where she supported herself by working as a research chemist for J. Lyons and Co. in Hammersmith, part of a team developing emulsifiers for ice cream. Jesuit missionaries, followed the Portuguese to violently and forcefully spread Roman Catholicism to Asia and Africa with mixed success. Balfour giving notice for an Address to the Queen praying for a public funeral and a public memorial in Westminster Abbey. [39] The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under Pedro lvares Cabral. [155] The miners' strike of 198485 was the biggest and most devastating confrontation between the unions and the Thatcher government. The Dutch also had regional control of the lucrative sugar-producing region of northeast Brazil as well as Luanda, but the Portuguese regained these territories after considerable struggle. [215][216], Thatcher was one of the first Western leaders to respond warmly to reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Gladstone opposed this and said in 1832 that emancipation should come after moral emancipation through the adoption of an education and the inculcation of "honest and industrious habits" among the slaves. [93][96] The Adal Sultanate defeated the Ethiopians in the battle of Shimbra Kure in 1529, and Islam spread further in the region. It is, indeed, not too much to say that his conception of Liberalism was the negation of Socialism.[119]. Danish neutrality was violated in World War II following a swift German invasion in April 1940. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern British Isles and Western Europe. Both Tory Democracy and this new Liberalism, Gladstone wrote, had done "much to estrange me, and had for many, many years". [362] Others consider her approach to have been "a mixed bag"[363][364] and "[a] Curate's egg". ", "A Minister shall not remain in office after the Parliament has passed a vote of no confidence in him. For the first half of the year the lower incomes paid 8d. [32][33] Gladstone criticised it as "a war more unjust in its origin, a war more calculated in its progress to cover this country with permanent disgrace". While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. during the first half of the year so that he could obtain the additional revenue in one year. In contrast to 1868 and 1880 when the Liberal campaign lasted several months, only three weeks separated the news of the dissolution and the election. [66] Norway spruce is the most widespread tree (2017); an important tree in the Christmas tree production. [145], Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterised by extensive government welfare provisions. Stephen Edward Gladstone (18441920); he married Annie Wilson in 1885. ", Blair, Kirstie. "The Bulgarian Horrors: culture and the international history of the Great Eastern Crisis, 18761878" (PhD. [314] She delivered her eulogy via videotape; in view of her health, the message had been pre-recorded several months earlier. Along with the Canadian Forestry Corps, Portuguese personnel established logging infrastructure in an area now referred to as the "Portuguese Fireplace". 13 October 1925 8 April 2013", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, "Guest Worker Migration and the Unexpected Return of Race", "Margaret Thatcher: As the British Saw Her", "The Impact of the Falklands Conflict on Defence Policy", "Media organisations and the political process", "Why Britain's conservatives support a socialist health care system", The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, "What Was Margaret Thatcher's Legacy for Women? [170] The resulting closure of 150coal mines, some of which were not losing money, resulted in the loss of tens of thousands of jobs and had the effect of devastating entire communities. [138] Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a balance of payments surplus which has transformed the country from a net debitor to a net creditor country. Historian A.J.P. Denmark tried but failed to regain control of Scania in the Scanian War (16751679). [386][387], Having led the Conservative Party to victory in three consecutive general elections, twice in a landslide, she ranks among the most popular party leaders in British history in terms of votes cast for the winning party; over 40million ballots were cast in total for the party under her leadership. In a career lasting over 60 years, he served for 12 years as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, spread over four non-consecutive terms (the most of any British prime minister) beginning in 1868 and ending in 1894. After the Great Northern War (170021), Denmark managed to regain control of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein ruled by the house of Holstein-Gottorp in the 1720 Treaty of Frederiksborg and the 1773 Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo, respectively. Romanticism influenced the renowned writer and poet Hans Christian Andersen, known for his stories and fairy tales, e.g. (Disraeli is often credited with the former, but Lord Salisbury is a more likely origin). [25], In 1469, after prince Henry's death and as a result of meagre returns of the African explorations, King Afonso V granted the monopoly of trade in part of the Gulf of Guinea to merchant Ferno Gomes. [29], In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope on the southern tip of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since Ptolemy that the Indian Ocean was land-locked. [25] Twice a week outside study she worked in a local forces canteen. All his Cabinet colleagues believed in some expansion of the navy. [91][92], After a series of prolonged contacts with Ethiopia, the Portuguese embassy made contact with the Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Kingdom led by Rodrigo de Lima in 1520. [59], Jim Prior suggested Thatcher as a Shadow Cabinet member after the Conservatives' 1966 defeat, but party leader Edward Heath and Chief Whip William Whitelaw eventually chose Mervyn Pike as the Conservative Shadow Cabinet's sole woman member. Those present were shocked to hear Thatcher's utterances and "appalled" at how she was "apparently unaware" about the post-war German collective guilt and Germans' attempts to work through their past. [15], The main Portuguese goal was trade, not colonization or conquest. My most earnest prayers are hers to the uttermost and to the last". The Portuguese empire expanded into the Persian Gulf, contesting control of the spice trade with the Ajuran Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Thatcher reacted to this by branding the Labour government "chickens", and Liberal Party leader David Steel joined in, criticising Labour for "running scared". Denmark (Danish: Danmark, pronounced ()) is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.It is the most populous and politically central constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the North Atlantic Ocean. Denmark has the 2nd lowest relative poverty rate in the OECD, below the 11.3% OECD average. Once this psychological barrier had been crossed, it became easier to probe further along the coast. At the same time Francisco Zeimoto, Antnio Mota, and other traders arrived in Japan for the first time. Even then their personal relations remained fairly cordial until their dispute over the Eastern Question in the later 1870s. Denmark remained neutral during World War I but regained the northern half of Schleswig in 1920. [225], there was one man who not only united high ability with unparalleled opportunity but also knew how to turn budgets into political triumphs and who stands in history as the greatest English financier of economic liberalism, Gladstone. Liz Alderman and Steven Greenhouse (27 October 2014). At university, Gladstone was a Tory and denounced Whig proposals for parliamentary reform. [135] They launched two attacks in 1561 and 1564 (the latter event was assisting the French), and were nearly successful with each. Both governments promised to maintain Hong Kong's stability and prosperity. The country has historically taken a progressive stance on environmental preservation; in 1971 Denmark established a Ministry of Environment and was the first country in the world to implement an environmental law in 1973. The Constitution of Denmark Section 22. [408] Known as "Maggie" by supporters and opponents alike, the chant song "Maggie Out" became a signature rallying cry among the left during the latter half of her premiership. The man's name was written down and the "score" followed. [178], In most cases, privatisation benefited consumers in terms of lower prices and improved efficiency, but results overall have been mixed. [198] Denmark's Muslims make up approximately 4.4% of the population[199] and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion. [238] At the suggestion of Harold Macmillan and Robert Armstrong,[238] she set up and chaired a small War Cabinet (formally called ODSA, Overseas and Defence committee, South Atlantic) to oversee the conduct of the war,[239] which by 56 April had authorised and dispatched a naval task force to retake the islands. The pamphlet sold 150,000 copies by the end of 1874. He had to increase expenditure on the military and a vote of credit of 1,250,000 was taken to send a force of 25,000 to the front. Shortly afterward, Humayun turned his attention elsewhere, and the Gujarats allied with the Ottomans to regain control of Diu and lay siege to the fort. [65] In spite of this, there are several larger second growth woodlands in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested. 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